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The Flammability of Clothing Textiles 16 CFR Part 1610

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The Flammability of Clothing Textiles 16 CFR Part 1610

Author: Date :2018-09-28 Views: order
SCOPE:
This U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) staff laboratory test manual is a reference guide designed to assist with the testing procedures specified in the Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles codified at 16 CFR Part 1610 (the Standard). This test manual is not the complete mandatory standard, but is a tool that may be used in conjunction with the requirements specified in the Standard. The test manual is provided for guidance purposes only and is not intended to be fully inclusive of the test procedures, nor is it intended to replace or supersede any sections of the Standard. In the case of any discrepancies between this manual and the Standard, the Standard will supersede this test manual.
The test manual also identifies testing equipment used to conduct testing in accordance with the Standard. The descriptions and pictures are not meant to serve as specifications or recommendations of any brand, make, or model of instrumentation that must be used in order to comply with the Standard, but rather as examples for clarification purposes. 
 
SUMMARY OF 16 CFR PART 1610:
The purpose of the Standard is for the issuing of guaranties in accordance with the Flammable Fabrics Act (FFA). The Standard establishes flammability requirements that all clothing textiles, as defined in §1610.2, must meet before sale or introduction into commerce. The Standard provides a method for testing (§1610.6) and establishes three classes of flammability performance of textiles and textile products used for clothing (§1610.4), thereby restricting the use of any dangerously flammable clothing textiles (those designated Class 3). The test procedure requires that a 16 mm (5/8 in) flame impinge on a
specimen mounted at a 45 degree angle for 1 second. The specimen is allowed to burn its full length or until the stop thread is broken, a distance of 127 mm (5 in). The results of several specimens are averaged and a Class designation is made based on the flammability performance and surface characteristics of the sample. 
 
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS:
Samples resulting in a designation of Class 1 or 2 meet the requirements of the Standard. A sample fails to meet the requirements of the Standard if the sample is designated as Class 3, Rapid and intense burning.
o For plain surface fabrics, a Class 3 designation results from an average flame spread time of less than 3.5 seconds.
o For raised surface fabrics, a Class 3 designation results from an average flame spread time of less than 4.0 seconds and ignition or fusing of the base fabric. 
 
GENERAL EQUIPMENT LIST:
Perform the test in a fume hood that has the ability to fully evacuate the combustion products caused by testing. The fume hood must have the capability of being turned off during a test. Beyond those basic facility requirements, the list below is a suggested equipment list for performing the test. Some equipment is required (indicated by an asterisk, “*”) while other equipment is recommended. Refer to Appendix A: Description of Test Equipment for information on test equipment. Specific equipment lists are provided at the beginning of each test section.
1. Automatic washing machine and dryer*
2. Ballast for dry cleaning*
3. Ballast for laundering*
4. Brushing device*
5. Butane, chemically pure*
6. Circulating ovens*
7. Commercial dry cleaning machine*
8. Desiccant*
9. Desiccator*
10. Dry cleaning solvent and detergent*
11. Flame measuring device
12. Flow control device (may be part of test chamber)*
13. Gloves, insulated
14. High vacuum grease to seal desiccator
15. Laundering detergent*
16. Regulator
17. Scale
18. Specimen holders and clips*
19. Specimen holding rack
20. Specimen preparation materials such as scissors, marking pens, and tape
21. Specimen template, 50 by 150 mm (2 by 6 in)
22. Stop thread, No. 50, white, mercerized 100% cotton sewing thread*
23. Test chamber (which includes chamber structure, specimen rack, specimen holder, indicator finger, ignition mechanism, timing device, draft ventilator strip, stop weight [30.0 ± 0.5 g], thread guides and door)*
24. Thermometer or thermocouple
25. Timer 
 
CALIBRATION OF TEST INSTRUMENTS: 
Maintain all equipment used in the performance of these tests in conformance with the specifications required by 16 CFR Part 1610 and the suggested maintenance and calibration schedules. See Appendix D: Equipment Calibration for more information. 
 
TEST PROCEDUR:
Equipment List:
o Butane, chemically pure
o Flame measuring device
o Flow control device (may be part of test chamber)
o Regulator
o Stop thread, No. 50, white, mercerized 100% cotton sewing thread
o Test chamber (which includes chamber structure, specimen rack, specimen holder, indicator finger, ignition mechanism, timing device, draft ventilator strip, stop weight [30.0 ± 0.5 g], thread guides and door) 
 
Procedure: 
1. Before testing, ensure that the flame impingement timer is set to 1.0 s. Turn on gas supply to the test chamber and allow air to be displaced from the supply line. Use the flow control device to set the flow of butane to the igniter. Once gas is supplied to the igniter, light the igniter.
 
2. Once the flow has stabilized
(approximately 5 minutes), adjust the flame length so that the test flame is 16 mm (5/8 in). (Fig. 19) The fume hood should be turned off before testing begins. Periodically check (and adjust, if necessary) the test flame length during testing. Use the regulator on the gas tank to modify the flame length. 
 
3. Remove a mounted specimen from the
desiccator. (Fig. 20)
Replace the desiccator lid
between tests.
Begin the test within 45
seconds of removing the
mounted specimen from the
desiccator. 
 
4. Place the mounted specimen on the specimen rack in the test chamber. 
 
5. Adjust the specimen rack so that the indicator finger just touches the surface of the specimen. 
 
6. Pull the stop thread through the guides of the specimen holder and test chamber. 
 
7. Attach the stop weight to the thread just below the stop weight thread guide. 
 
8. Set the timing device to zero. 
 
9. Close the door of the test chamber. Begin the test within 45 seconds of removing the mounted specimen from the desiccator. 
 
10. Activate the trigger device so that the flame impinges on the specimen for 1.0 s. The timing device starts automatically. 
 
11. At the end of the test, there will be either: o A burn time – occurs when the specimen ignites and the flame travels up the specimen, breaking the stop thread. When the stop thread breaks, the stop weight falls and stops the timing device.
No burn time – occurs when the specimen:
1) Does not ignite.
2) Ignites, but self-extinguishes before reaching the stop thread.
3) Ignites, but the flame travels under the stop thread without breaking it. The occurrence of surface flash should be noted for raised surface specimens. Allow raised surface specimens to continue burning after the timer has stopped to
determine:
1. If the base fabric will ignite/fuse; and if so,
2. Where the base fabric starts burning as a result of the surface flash. 
 
12. Record the burn time from the timing device as well as any visual observations using the prescribed test result codes (refer to section 13. Test Result Codes and Sequence of this laboratory manual). If there is no burn time, record any visual observations using the test codes.
13. At the end of each test, turn on the fume hood to exhaust any fumes or smoke produced during the test. The fume hood should be turned off once the effluent has been cleared.
14. Before testing the next specimen, check that the fume hood has been turned off and reset the timing device to zero.20
15. Test five specimens. Determine the average burn time. For raised surface fabrics, determine the type of burn using the test result codes. Use the appropriate Test Sequence flow chart in section 13.
Test Result Codes and Sequence of this laboratory manual to determine the next step in testing. 

 

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