The ASTM Level 2 and N95 are two different standards used for evaluating the performance and effectiveness of face masks, particularly in healthcare settings. Here, I will explain the differences between these two standards concisely.
ASTM Level 2:
ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, developed a set of standards (ASTM F2100) to classify and evaluate the performance of medical face masks. These standards focus on various aspects of a mask, including its fluid resistance, filtration efficiency, and breathability. ASTM Level 2 is one of the levels defined within this classification system.
1. Fluid Resistance: ASTM Level 2 masks are designed to provide a moderate level of protection against potential splashes or sprays of bodily fluids. They have a minimum fluid resistance of 120 mmHg, indicating their ability to resist fluid penetration.
2. Filtration Efficiency: ASTM Level 2 masks must have a bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of at least 98%. This means that the mask can filter out bacteria and other microorganisms with an efficiency of 98% or higher.
3. Breathability: ASTM Level 2 masks need to have a differential pressure of less than 6.0 mmH2O/cm2. This measures the airflow resistance of the mask material and indicates how easily air can pass through it. A lower differential pressure value implies better breathability.
In summary, ASTM Level 2 masks offer moderate fluid resistance, high filtration efficiency, and good breathability. They are suitable for procedures and situations where a moderate level of protection against potential bodily fluid exposure is required, such as during general patient care or procedures involving low or moderate levels of aerosols, sprays, or fluids.
N95:
N95 is a respirator standard established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States. It specifically addresses the filtration efficiency of face masks/respirators intended to protect against airborne particles and infectious agents.
1. Filtration Efficiency: N95 masks are required to have a minimum filtration efficiency of 95% for particles with a diameter of 0.3 microns or larger. They are highly effective in filtering out airborne particles, including bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances.
2. Leakage and Fit Testing: N95 masks undergo rigorous testing to ensure a proper fit and seal on the wearer's face. Fit testing is performed to check for any leakage around the edges of the mask, as a secure fit is essential for effective protection. Fit testing is especially important for individuals who work in environments with a higher risk of exposure, such as healthcare workers.
3. Respiratory Protection: N95 masks are designed to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne particles, including respiratory droplets that may contain infectious agents. They are often used in healthcare settings during procedures that generate aerosols, such as intubation, bronchoscopy, or certain surgeries. Additionally, N95 masks are recommended for individuals who are in close contact with confirmed or suspected cases of respiratory infections.
In summary, N95 masks offer high filtration efficiency, a secure fit, and effective protection against airborne particles. They are primarily used in healthcare settings or other environments where individuals may be exposed to respiratory hazards. N95 masks provide a higher level of protection compared to ASTM Level 2 masks, especially against airborne particles.
It's important to note that both ASTM Level 2 masks and N95 respirators play specific roles in infection prevention. The choice between them depends on the nature of the procedure, the potential exposure to fluids or airborne particles, and the level of respiratory protection required. Healthcare professionals and individuals should follow the guidance and recommendations provided by their respective regulatory agencies and healthcare institutions when selecting the appropriate face mask or respirator.
How to test the mask flammability?
The flammability test of the mask is usually performed by conducting a flame spread test to evaluate the flame retardant performance of the mask. The following is a commonly used mask flammability test method:
The flammability test of the mask is usually performed by conducting a flame spread test to evaluate the flame retardant performance of the mask. The following is a commonly used mask flammability test method:
Please note that conducting such testing requires appropriate testing equipment, environment, and safety measures. The following steps are for reference only. Specific operations should follow relevant standards and guidelines.
1. Prepare your testing equipment: You will need a fire source (such as a match or lighted candle), a test stand, a non-flammable plate, a timer, and safety equipment (such as gloves and safety glasses).
2. Set up the test environment: Make sure to conduct the test indoors or in an appropriate test environment, away from flammable items and combustible gases. Place the test stand on a stable surface and make sure there are no flammable objects around it.
3. Let the mask hang: Hang the mask to be tested on the test bench with a clip or similar tool, ensuring that the mask remains unfolded and is not disturbed in any way.
4. Light a fire: Light a match or candle and burn the flame on part of the mask for a moment. Make sure the time and method of contact between the flame and the mask is consistent with actual use.
5. Observe the burning situation: Observe the burning situation on the mask. The burning of the mask should stop quickly and should not continue to burn or extend.
6. Record the results: Record the burning performance of the mask. The flame retardant performance of masks is usually evaluated based on burning time, burning extent and diffusion.
Please note that when conducting mask flammability testing, you need to follow safe operating practices and conduct it in a suitable testing environment. In addition, conducting a combustion test is only one way to evaluate the combustion performance of a mask. Understanding the material composition and relevant certification standards of the mask is also an important factor in evaluating the safety of the mask. It is recommended to purchase masks that meet relevant certification standards and follow the guidelines for mask use and disposal.